Features:

■ Palpation of the prostate gland

1. Normal prostate: simulates the size of a chestnut, with a transverse diameter of 4 cm, a vertical diameter of 3 cm, and an anterior-posterior diameter of 2 cm. there is a longitudinal shallow groove in the middle of the back of the prostate, i.e., the prostatic sulcus.

2. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): I degree hyperplasia of the prostate, enlarged prostate, simulating the size of an egg, the back of the prostate is flat, and the groove in the middle is shallow.

3. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): prostate II hyperplasia, prostate moderately enlarged, simulating the size of a duck’s egg, with the middle groove of the prostate disappearing.

4. benign prostatic hyperplasia: prostate III hyperplasia, severely enlarged prostate, regular surface, hard texture, simulating the size of a goose egg, the base of the prostate is not palpable

■ Rectal palpation

1. normal rectum

2. rectal polyp: nodular mass palpable on the surface of the posterior wall of the rectum, with hard texture

3. early rectal cancer: nodular mass palpable on the surface of the posterior wall of the rectum, with an uneven surface